Yes you do unless you
trade. Most people who want to
trade do a deferred
trade called a
1031 exchange which gives you 45 days to find and identify a
property and 180 days to close. Then there is no
capital gains tax due at that
time because it is deferred. I have done about 80 of these
exchanges for clients. Are you located close to Madison,
WI. Starker
Exchanges: A Very Useful
Tax Tool. Nobody wants to pay tax when they
sell their
investment real estate. If you
sell your
principal residence, and have
lived there for two out of the past five
years before it is
sold, you can completely exclude up to $250,000 of any
gain you have made ($500,000 if you are married and
file a joint return). But if you
sell investment real estate, you will have to
pay the
capital gains tax - unless you engage in some creative
tax activities. One such procedure is known as a Starker (or "deferred")
Exchange, named after Mr. Starker had to go all the way to the Supreme Court, but he established a basic principle:
if you exchange one property for another -- even if the
replacement property is obtained at a later date -- under section
1031 of the Internal Revenue Code you do not have to pay tax on the
sale. Instead, the basis of the old (relinquished)
property becomes the basis of the new (replacement)
property. Congress did not like the fact that several
years had elapsed between the
time Starker
sold the relinquished
property and the
time he obtained the
replacement property. Thus, Congress set strict, non-waivable
time limitations. You must identify the
replacement property (or
properties) within 45 days from the date you
sell the relinquished
property, and you must take title to that
property within 180 days from the earlier
sale. Currently, the
capital gains tax rate is 20 percent on the
amount of any appreciation and 25 percent on the
amount you have depreciated. If you
sell your
investment property and
buy another one within the
time frames spelled out by Congress, you will
defer - not
avoid - having to
pay the
capital gains tax now. Some people just do not want to continue to be landlords, and may want to "bite the bullet" and
pay the
tax. But, in my opinion, the
exchange provisions of the Internal Revenue Code are an important tool for any
real estate investor. The
law establishing this like-kind
exchange can be found in Section
1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. The rules are complex, but here is a general overview of the process. First, the relinquished
property transferred and the
replacement property must be "property held for productive use in
trade, in
business or for
investment. " Neither
properties in this
exchange can be your
principal residence, unless you have abandoned the
property as your
personal house.
Second, there must be an
exchange; the IRS wants to
ensure that a transaction that is called an
exchange is not really a
sale and a subsequent
purchase. Third, the
replacement property must be of "like
kind. " The courts have given a very broad definition to this concept. As a general rule, all
real estate is considered "like kind" with all other
real estate. Thus, a
farm can be exchanged for a condominium unit, a single-family home for an office
building, or
raw land for
commercial or industrial
property. Once you meet these tests, it is important that you determine the
tax consequences. If you do a like-kind
exchange, your
profit will be deferred until you
sell the
replacement property. However, since the
cost basis of the new
property in most cases will be the basis of the old
property, you should review your situation with your accountant to determine whether the savings by using the like-kind
exchange will make up for the lower
cost basis on your new
property. The traditional, classic
exchange (A and B swap
properties) rarely works. Not everyone is able to find
replacement property before they
sell their own
property. In a case
involving Mr. Starker, the court held that the
exchange does not have to be simultaneous. However, as discussed above, there are now strict
time limitations imposed by
law on when the
exchange must take place. These are very important
time limitations, which should be noted on your calendar when you first enter into a
1031 exchange. In 1989, Congress added two
additional technical restrictions. First,
property located in the United States cannot be exchanged for
property outside the United States.
Second, if
property received in a like-kind
exchange between related persons is disposed of within two
years after the date of the last transfer, the
original exchange will not qualify for non-recognition of
gain. In May of 1991, the Internal Revenue Service adopted final regulations which clarified many of the issues. This column cannot analyze all of these regulations. Identification of the
replacement property within 45 days According to the IRS, the taxpayer may identify more than one
property as
replacement property. However, the maximum number of
replacement properties that the taxpayer may identify is either three
properties of any fair market value, or any number of
properties as
long as their aggregate fair market value does not exceed 200% of the aggregate fair market value of all of the relinquished
properties. Furthermore, the
replacement property or
properties must be unambiguously described in a written document. According to the IRS,
real property must be described by a legal description, street address or distinguishable name (e. , The Camelot
Apartment Building). Who is the neutral party. Conceptually, the relinquished
property is
sold, and the sales
proceeds are held in escrow by a neutral party, until the
replacement property is obtained. Usually, an intermediary or escrow agent is
involved in the transaction. In
order to make absolutely sure that the taxpayer does not have control or access to these funds during this
interim period, the IRS requires that this agent cannot be the taxpayer or a related party. The holder of the escrow account can be an attorney or a broker engaged primarily to facilitate the
exchange, although the attorney cannot have represented the taxpayer on other legal matters within two
years of the date of the
sale of the relinquished
property. Interest on the
exchange proceeds. One of the underlying concepts of a successful
1031 exchange is the absolute requirement that the sales
proceeds not be available to the seller of the relinquished
property under any circumstances unless the transactions do not take place. Generally, the sales
proceeds are placed in escrow with a neutral third party. Since these
proceeds may not be used for the
purchase of the
replacement property for up to 180 days, the
amount of interest earned can be significant. Surprisingly, the Internal Revenue Service permitted the taxpayer to earn interest -- referred to as "growth factor" -- on these escrowed funds. Any such interest to the taxpayer has to be reported as earned
income. Once the
replacement property is obtained by the exchanger, the interest can either be used for the
purchase of that
property, or paid directly to the exchanger. There is an interesting loophole, which may be attractive to many readers who currently own
rental property. Let us assume that you have found your dream
house in Florida, or in Delaware or anywhere in the United States for that matter. This is where you want to
live after retirement. If you do a
1031 exchange now, and obtain title to the
replacement property where you ultimately want to
live when you retire, you can
rent out that
property until you decide to
move. Then, once you have established the new
property as your
principal residence, if you
live in it for at least two
years - and more than two
years have elapsed since you
sold your last
principal residence - once again you can exclude up to $250,000 (or $500,000 if married and you
file jointly) of the
gain you have made. Although the IRS has given us no guidance as to how
long you have to use the
replacement property as "investment"
property, the general consensus is that you should
rent out the
property for at least one complete
tax year. Thus, depending on the numbers and the facts, you may ultimately be able to
avoid the
capital gains tax, which would normally be due when you
sold your
investment property. The IRS has also authorized taxpayers to engage in a "reverse Starker", where you
buy the
replacement property first and then
exchange (sell) the relinquished
property. This is much more complex, and you have to get specific guidance from your own
tax advisors. The rules for a "like-kind"
exchange are not complex -- but must be strictly
applied. You must obtain competent, professional financial and legal assistance if you plan to go this route. Related Articles:. Combine A Starker With Your
Principal Residence. Jack Soceka Soceka
Properties 2976 Triverton Pike Drive Madison,
WI 53711. Each Office Independently
Owned and Operated
2005 Century 21
Real Estate Corporation. Trademark and servicemark of Century 21
Real Estate Corporation. Jack Soceka - Landlord and Sales Agent Soceka
Properties -
Houses, apts and office space Century 21 Affiliated -
Real estate sales 2976 Triverton Pike Drive Madison,
WI 53711. Do you have to
pay capital gains when you
sell one
property and
buy another. Since you have experience, I was hoping you could give me some clues as to what you look out for.